Me game da wannan: Gane da Kwatanta Hanyar Karyawa

Whataboutism yana kaucewa ga suka ta hanyar ɗaga wani korafi daban maimakon amsa — 'amma me game da abin da ka yi?'. A hukumance, wannan kuskure ne na tu quoque: zargin da aka mayar, ko da kuwa gaskiya ne, ba ya amsa asalin zargin. An bayyana wannan kalma a cikin shekarun 1970 don bayyana kare-karen tsarin mulkin kwaminis, kuma wannan dabarar ta kasance al'ada a cikin maganganun yaki na sarkar Soviet — amma yana da tsofaffi fiye da haka: ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Daular Rasha ta yi amfani da wannan dabarar a kan suka na ɗabi'ar Amurka a cikin shekarun 1880, ƙarni guda kafin kalmar ta wanzu. Whataboutism ba koyaushe yana nufin wasa mai kyau ba: nuna rashin daidaito na wanda ke zargi yana da inganci lokacin da batun shine ka'idojin wanda ke zargin, kuma ba daidai ba ne lokacin da ya maye gurbin amsa zargin. Counter na tsari shine tambayar da aka tsara: a cikin tattaunawar matakin muhawara, dacewa ana bayyana ta ta hanyar tambayar da ke kan tebur, don haka 'me game da' yana bayyana a waje daga itacen — kuma maimakon katse tattaunawar, za a iya juyawa a matsayin tambayar da aka tsara ta kanta, wanda shine ingantaccen sigar wannan motsi.

Tattaunawa kan Zamba

Me game da shi?

"Amma me game da—" ba amsa ba ne. Kwatancen da ya wuce Yakin Cacar Baki, wanda shine kawai misali inda ya dace, da tsarin da ke ci gaba da sanya ainihin tambayar a kan tebur.

TL;DR

Whataboutism yana amsa zargi ta hanyar nuna wani daban. Zargin da aka mayar da martani na iya zama gaskiya amma har yanzu ba ya amsa komai.

  • •A hukumance tu quoque: kurakuran mai tuhuma ba su yanke hukuncin tuhumar ba.
  • •A ka'ida ta Soviet Cold-War — amma Daular Rasha ta yi wannan a 1880s, karni guda kafin a sami kalmar.
  • •Wani lokaci adalci: lokacin da batun shine ma'aunin biyu na mai zargin — ingantaccen sigar yana bayyana hakan a fili.
  • •Counter na tsari: tambayar da aka tsara tana bayyana muhimmanci; "me game da" yana zama tambaya ta kansa maimakon kashe wannan.

Matakin, da dalilin da yasa yake jin kamar amsa

Wani suka ya sauka: lambobin sun yi kuskure, lokacin kammala ya wuce, an kauce wa tsarin. Amsar ba ta musanta ba — ta canza wuri: "Abin sha'awa, daga tawagar da ta kawo katsewar a watan Maris." Babu abin da aka amsa. Amma wani abu ya faru: dakin yanzu yana tattaunawa kan Maris, asalin zargin yana tsufa ba tare da an magance shi ba, kuma mai suka yana kan kariya. Wannan shine dukkan dabarar — canjin wuri da aka yi wa kwaskwarima a matsayin musantawa.

Yana jin kamar amsa ne saboda yana jawo hankalin wanda ake zargi, kuma tsarin mu na bayar da hujja yana karɓar 'mai sukar yana cikin matsala' a matsayin ci gaba kan 'shin sukar gaskiya ne?'. Ba haka ba ne. A hukumance wannan shine kuskuren tu quoque — 'kai ma' — wani yanayi na kai hari ga mutum: ko da mai munafunci na iya zama daidai game da lambobi.

Tafi da shekaru fiye da sunansa — kusan karni guda

Kalmar ta bayyana a cikin shekarun 1970, tana bayyana wata magana ta kare kai na tsarin mulkin kwamunista, kuma 'whataboutism' ya zama alamar muhawarar Yakin Cacar Baki na Soviet: kowanne suka ga USSR yana haduwa da zunubi na Yamma — mafi shahara amsar da aka saba bayarwa 'kuma kuna kisan gilla ga bakar fata'. Wannan dabarar ta wuce kalmar da karni guda: a cikin shekarun 1880, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Daular Rasha tana riga tana amsa suka na dabi'un kirki na Amurka ta hanyar nuna tarihin Amurka kanta. Masana tarihi na magana suna danganta wannan motsi da Sophists. An jera shi a matsayin wata dabara ta gangan a tsakanin: a kusa da 1831 Schopenhauer ya lissafa duka rabin motsin a cikin dabarunsa talatin da takwas — juyawa, da amsar da ke juya halayen abokin hamayya a kansu maimakon amsa zargin.

Hanyar jini tana da mahimmanci saboda dalili guda daya na aikace: "whataboutism" shine yadda juyawa ke bayyana idan an kafa shi a hukumance. Idan wata jiha na iya gudanar da shi na tsawon karni, kungiyar aikin na iya gudanar da shi ta hanyar duba baya — sai dai idan dakin yana da wata hanya da ke ci gaba da tambayar asali.

Gane shi — da kuma yanayin daya ne inda ya dace

  • ✗Ba a taɓa ɗaukar nauyin ba — bayan musayar guda biyar, tambayar asali har yanzu ba a amsa ba kuma babu wanda ya lura da fita.
  • ✗Teatar na daidaito — an zaɓi misalin akasin don jin daɗin daidaito, duk da girman sa ko muhimmancin sa.
  • ✗Ragowar mara iyaka — kowanne amsa na haifar da sabon "kuma me game da…", saboda burin shine motsi, ba warwarewa ba.
  • ✗Halin adalci: lokacin da tattaunawar ta kasance ainihin game da ka'idojin mai zargi — aiwatarwa mai zaɓi, ka'idojin biyu — tambayar mayar da martani tana da inganci. Sigar gaskiya tana faɗi hakan a fili: "matsala daban, kuma ina son ɗaga ta" — kuma tana karɓar cewa asalin zargin har yanzu yana nan don a amsa.

Teburin ƙidaya

A cikin dakin, teburin yana da sauƙin lissafi: amincewa, ajiye, dawowa. "Maris yana da kyau a tattauna - mu sanya shi a cikin jerin. Tambayar da ke kan tebur ita ce lambobin Q3." Maimaitawa shine dukkan fasahar; dabarar tana mutuwa lokacin da tambayar asali ta ki tsufa.

Counter na tsari

Tattaunawa a matakin muhawara tana da tambaya da aka tsara, kuma tambayar da aka tsara tana bayyana muhimmanci. "Amma me game da Maris" da aka haɗa da "shin lambobin Q3 ba daidai ba ne?" yana bayyana a waje daga itacen — ba a ɓoye ba, kawai a fili a wani wuri. Kuma tsari yana bayar da abin da babu wata magana da za ta iya yi: za a iya haɓaka juyawar zuwa tambaya da aka tsara da kanta tare da itacenta, shaidarta da rikodin ta. Wannan shine ingantaccen sigar abin da ake kira whataboutism da aka sanya a cikin na'ura — kowanne korafi yana samun wuri, kuma babu wani korafi da zai iya cinye wani.

Inda yake haɗuwa

Whataboutism shine fuskar dabaru ta kuskuren bayar da hujja na asali — hukunta mai jayayya don guje wa hukunta hujjar — kuma yana da kusanci da tushen strawman, wanda shima ke maye gurbin wani abu mai sauƙi don na gaske. Masana sun fara ɗaukar sa a matsayin tsari mai ganewa: takardar NLP ta 2024 tana samarda samfurin ganewar whataboutism a cikin tattaunawar kan layi, wanda shine daidai da nemo hujja — juyawa yana da siffa, kuma ana iya samun siffofi. 'Yan uwansa mafi kusa a cikin jagorar filin sune red herring — duka suna canza batun, daya ta hanyar zargin maƙiyi, daya ta hanyar kowanne rashin dace mai haske — da tu quoque, kakannin sa na mutum-da-mutum.

Tambayoyi da ake yawan yi

Ta yaya zan amsa tambayar "me game da" a taro?

Amince, ajiye, dawo: 'yana da daraja tattaunawa — an lura. Tambayar da ke kan tebur ita ce X.' Sa'an nan a yi ajiyar batun da aka ajiye, ko ajiye yana karanta a matsayin watsi da shi kuma yana ba da damar juyawa na gaba. A cikin tattaunawa mai tsari, juyawa 'me game da' a matsayin tambaya mai zaman kanta — kowanne korafi yana samun wuri, babu korafi da zai sace wani.

Shin shin abin da ya shafi wani yana da adalci a matsayin hujja?

Eh — lokacin da batun ya zama na gaskiya shine ka'idojin mai zargin. 'Kana tilasta wannan doka ne kawai a kanmu' hujja ce ta gaskiya game da zartar da hukunci bisa zaɓi. Hanyar ta maye gurbin: mai kyau whataboutism yana bayyana kansa a matsayin wata matsala daban kuma yana barin asalin zargin ya tsaya don amsawa; mai mummunan whataboutism yana amfani da zargin akasin don sa asalin tambayar ta bace.

Menene bambanci tsakanin whataboutism da tu quoque?

Tu quoque shine kuskuren hukunci na hukuma — kin amincewa da suka saboda mai sukar ma yana aikata hakan. Whataboutism shine tu quoque a matsayin dabarar magana: ana amfani da shi a tsarin, akai-akai, don canza kowanne tattaunawa mai wahala. Duk whataboutism tu quoque ne; whataboutism shine abin da ya zama a matsayin dabi'a ko manufofi.

Ina kalmar whataboutism ta fito?

Ya bayyana a cikin shekarun 1970 yana bayyana kariya ga tsarin mulkin kwaminis, kuma ya danganta da maganganun yaki na sanyi na Soviet, wanda ya fuskanci suka daga yammacin duniya tare da zunuban yammacin duniya. Hanyar ta fi sunanta tsawo — Daular Rasha ta yi amfani da wannan dabarar a kan masu sukar Amurka a cikin shekarun 1880.

Karin zamba

Gish Gallop

Nasara ta hanyar cika: karin korafe-korafe fiye da wanda zai iya amsa, an isar da su cikin sauri fiye da wanda zai iya duba. An sanya suna bisa ga mai kirkira; an yi nasara da node guda daya a kowanne korafi.

Motte-da-Bailey

Tashi da wannan ikirarin mai karfi; koma ga wanda ya fi tsaro a cikin wuta; sake tashi lokacin da gabar ta bayyana. An haife shi a cikin mujallar falsafa; an sha kashi daga rubutaccen tarihin.

Sealioning

Cikakken ladabi, mai juriya ba tare da iyaka ba, ba ya gamsu. Ladabi mai tasiri, wanda aka sanya suna ta wani zane-zane na 2014; an kayar da shi ta hanyar rufewa.

Canza Makarantar Manufa

Sadu da sandar kuma sandar tana motsi. Hanyar canza ka'idoji; an yi nasara ta hanyar ka'idojin nasara da aka dora a cikin rubutaccen tarihin.

Red Herring

Hankalin da ba ya dace da abin da ke faruwa a cikin dakin — an sanya masa suna bisa ga tatsuniyar horar da kare. An yi nasara a kan tambayar da aka yi wa kwalliya.

Tambayoyi Masu Nauyi & JAQing

Tambayoyi da ke hukunta duk abin da ka amsa, da ikirarin da ke dauke da tambayoyin alama. An yi nasara ta hanyar tunanin da za a iya kalubaleta.

Paltering & Weasel Words

Kowane jumla gaskiya, ra'ayi karya — fiye da rabin shugabannin suna amincewa da hakan. An yi nasara a kan tambayoyi kai tsaye a kan rikodi.

Tsarin Kula da Muryar mutane

“Zan saurari idan ba ka yi fushi haka ba.” Ikon hana isar da abun ciki — an yi nasara ta hanyar kimantawa da ba su duba yanayi ba.

Gaslighting a Wurin Aiki

"Wannan ba ta taba faruwa ba." Gyaran gaskiya a cikin ƙungiyoyi — an ƙin amincewa da rikodin, tare da iyakokin gaskiya da aka bayyana.

Ka ci gaba da tambayar gaskiya a kan tebur.

A cikin Argumentree, kowace tattaunawa tana da tambaya da aka tsara, kuma kowanne "me ya shafi" na iya zama nasa — an amsa bisa ga ingancinsa maimakon cin gajiyar wani.

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