Hats Shida na Tunani: Hanyar, Misali, Jagorar Hula

TL;DR

Hats Shida na Tunani (de Bono, 1985) yana maye gurbin tattaunawar jayayya da tunani na jere — dukkan kungiyar a cikin yanayi guda a lokaci guda:

•Fakiti farare · Jin dadin ja · Hadarin baki · Amfanin rawaya · Ra'ayoyin kore · Tsarin shuɗi — hanyoyi guda shida da aka ba da izini, an haɗa su tare
•Rabuwa shine maki: bincike a lokacin Baki aiki ne na haɗin gwiwa, ba hari ba; ra'ayoyi a lokacin Kore ba sa fuskantar kisa a tsaka-tsakin ƙirƙira
•Tsarin ra'ayoyi masu rauni: Ruwan zinariya kafin Baki — kuma koyaushe a rufe da Shuɗi
•A kan itacen muhawara, hula suna zama nau'in ikirari: shaida, amfanoni, rashin amfanoni, madadin, tunani mai alama — kuma zaman yana wuce taron

Abin da Hattun Shida suke — da matsalar da suke warwarewa

Kalli taron dabaru yana fadi kuma za ka ga hadewar yanayi: mutum daya yana kawo lambobi, wani yana bayyana shakku, na uku yana kare ra'ayin, na hudu yana ba da wata hanya - a lokaci guda. Kowanne gudummawa tana da inganci; hadewar tana bata dukkan su. Littafin Edward de Bono na 1985 Hatsan Tunani Shida ya bayar da mafita mai sauki: yi wani yanayi a lokaci guda, kowa tare - tunanin jere maimakon tunanin adawa.

Hanyoyi guda shida: White Hat — gaskiya, bayanai, da (muhimmanci) guraben bayanai da aka ambata; Red Hat — ji da hange, an bayyana ba tare da bukatar hujja ba; Black Hat — kulawa, hadari, dalilin da yasa zai iya gaza; Yellow Hat — fa'idodi, daraja, dalilin da yasa zai iya aiki; Green Hat — kirkira, madadin, tayar da hankali; Blue Hat — kulawar tsari: saita burin, zabar jerin, hada fitarwa.

Injin tunani shine ɓangaren da ba a ba da muhimmanci ba. Lokacin da dakin gaba ɗaya ya sa Black tare, sukar shine aikin da aka sanya — babu wanda ke kai wa wani yaro hari. Lokacin da dakin ya sa Green, babu ra'ayi da za a yi wa ƙasa a tsaka-tsaki, saboda sukar ba shine abin da ke faruwa ba tukuna. Hatin suna ba da izini ga hanyoyin da al'adun ƙungiya ke takawa (ƙananan shakku, rashin tabbas na manya, jin daɗin kowa) ta hanyar sanya su ba na mutum ba. De Bono (1933–2021), likitan-psychologist na Maltese wanda ya ƙirƙiri 'tunanin gefe', ya yi aiki a cikin ƙwarewar tunani a matsayin ƙwarewar da za a iya horarwa; hatin su ne shaidar sa mafi aiki. Mahallin a cikin akwati: samfuran yanke shawara da jagorar mai zaɓa.

Yaushe za a yi amfani da shi — da kuma lokacin da ba za a yi ba

Hats shida na samun abun da yake yi lokacin:

✓Shawara tana bukatar duba mai fadi — zaɓuɓɓukan dabaru da haɗarin rikice-rikice inda gaskiya, haɗari, fa'idodi da zaɓuɓɓuka duk suke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman maimakon faɗa.
✓Rukunin yana da tsarin motsi. Mai sukar mai tsanani, mai fata mai karfi, mai hankali mai shiru — hula na juyawa kowa ta kowanne yanayi, yana karya kulle halayen mutum.
✓Ana bukatar kuzari kafin mutuwa ba tare da damuwa ba. Wani tsari na Black Hat mai tsauri yana bayyana korafe-korafe kafin taron hukumar ya faru — tare da ma'aunin Yellow a riga an rubuta.

Da kuma hanyoyin gazawarsa:

✗Ikon Black Hat. Kungiyoyin masu tunani kan haɗari suna zaune fiye da hula mai dadi. Matakin kariya: Rawaya kafin Baki don ra'ayoyi masu rauni, kuma a tsara lokaci ga kowace hula.
✗Tsallake Shuɗi. Babu tsari a farkon, babu haɗawa a ƙarshe — hanyoyi guda shida na fitarwa da babu hukunci. Kullum a ƙarshe.
✗Tsaurin al'ada. Cikakken jerin don ƙaramin hukunci shine wasan kwaikwayo na sama. Kiran gaggawa suna buƙatar hula uku (Fari–Rawaya–Baƙi) da mintuna goma.
✗Hankalin zama. Mummunan gazawa mafi laushi: tunani mai haske da ke faruwa a lokaci guda wanda ke ɓacewa lokacin da taron ya ƙare, saboda hotunan flipchart ba su zama tarihin ba. Wannan shine haɗin gwiwar itacen hujja a ƙasa.

Mataki-mataki, tare da misali da aka yi aiki da shi

Misali mai bayyana: ƙungiyar samfurin mutum 40 da aka ƙirƙira tana yanke shawara ko za ta daina amfani da tsohuwar aikace-aikacen wayarta. Wani lokaci na minti 60 da aka jagoranta:

1Shudi (5 min): firam. Mai gudanarwa ya bayyana tambayar — "Shin za mu daina amfani da aikace-aikacen gadon a Q2?" — jerin abubuwan da za a yi, da kuma lokutan. Shawara, ba batun tattaunawa ba.
2Fari (10 min): gaskiya da gibin. Amfani ya ragu zuwa 8% na zaman; kulawa tana cinye injiniya guda; kwangilar kasuwanci tana ambaton 'samun wayar hannu' cikin rashin tabbas. An ambaci gibin: babu bayanai kan wane abokan ciniki ne waɗannan 8% suke. Gibin suna fitowar White-Hat, ba kunya ba.
3Green (10 min): zaɓuɓɓuka. Bayan kashe ko riƙe: faduwar rana tare da mai sihiri na hijira; ba wa abokin hulɗa aikace-aikacen; rufe aikace-aikacen yanar gizo a cikin gida; faduwar rana ga masu amfani amma a ci gaba da gina kamfani.
4Rawaya (10 min): fa'idodi — kafin Baki, da gangan. Don zaɓuɓɓukan jagora: ƙarfin injiniya da aka saki don taswirar hanya; ɗaya tushen lambar; nau'in gina kasuwanci yana kiyaye labarin kwangila.
5Baƙar fata (10 min): haɗari, wahala. 8% na iya haɗawa da manyan asusun guda biyu (tazara ta White-Hat yanzu tana da hakora); bita na app-store a lokacin faduwar rana na iya shafar binciken alama; rashin tabbas na kwangila yana da haɗarin shari'a har sai an karanta.
6Ja (5 min): gwaje-gwajen ciki, babu dalili. Mutane uku suna jin cewa ranar Q2 tana da gaggawa ba tare da dalili ba. Wannan jin yana bayanin bayanai game da dakin.
7Shudi (10 min): haɗa. Shawara: warware gibin White-Hat da karatun kwangilar cikin makonni biyu; koma zuwa sigar ƙarshen ginin kasuwanci sai dai idan abubuwan bayanan gibin. Mai shi da ranar da aka ambata.

Hats a matsayin itacen muhawara

A cikin ma'anar ingancin yanke shawara, Six Hats yana ba da zabi (Green na musamman ne don su) kuma yana tsara tsarin tunani kansa — wannan tsarin yana da wahala a samu wanda aka nufa kai tsaye ga yadda wata ƙungiya ke tunani. Duk da haka, fitarwarsa yana da ɗorewa kamar allon jujjuyawa. Hada hular da itacen hujja yana kiyaye tsarin da zaman ya ƙirƙira:

Shudi → asalin ikirarin & haɗin gwiwa

Tambayar da aka tsara tana zama tushen; haɗin gwiwar rufewa yana zama hukuncin da aka rubuta a kai, tare da dalilin da aka haɗa.

Fari → shaidar · Rawaya/Ja → fa'idodi & rashin fa'ida

Gaskiya da wurare da aka ambata suna haɗuwa a matsayin shaida; kowanne gudummawar Yellow hujja ce ta goyon baya, kowanne Black hujja ce ta kai hari — an rubuta su daidai yadda hular ta rubuta su.

Green → sabbin zaɓuɓɓuka da sulhu

Zabuka suna shigowa a matsayin zaɓuɓɓuka 'yan uwa a ƙarƙashin tushen; shawarwarin haɗin gwiwa (sigar gina kasuwanci) suna zama nodes na sulhu tare da fa'idodi da rashin fa'idodi nasu.

Ja → alamar fahimta, kimantawa suna kama dakin

Gwaje-gwajen zuciya suna shigowa a fili suna bayyana a matsayin hange, kuma kimantawa tana kama inda dukan dakin yake — Red Hat, an ƙididdige.

Gudun wannan hanya — fara daga samfurin taron Six Thinking Hats — tsarin zaman yana ci gaba da kasancewa. Kwatancen Black-Hat da ya kashe shirin mai sauki ana iya samun sa a watan Maris; bin diddigin kan gibin White-Hat yana bayyana a matsayin sabbin shaidar a kan takamaiman node da ya bukaci shi; kuma kalubale ga kowanne ikirari yana ci gaba da kasancewa ba tare da jinkiri ba ta hanyar silsilolin tsari bayan taron ya kare.

Siffofin jumla guda ɗaya

Hats suna tsara tunani; itace ta hujja tana kiyaye shi. Hattara guda shida suna bayar da zaɓuɓɓuka da tsari — itacen yana bayar da hujja mai kyau wanda ya wuce dakin. Duba ingancin yanke shawara.

Hats shida da zaɓuɓɓuka

Idan tambayarka ita ce…	Kai ga	Me ya sa ba "Hats Shida" ba
Tattaunawa kan haɗarin tsabta na shiri guda ɗaya	Wannan shine pre-mortem — duba hanyoyi masu sauri da koyarwar saukaka	Cikakken wucewa yana rage binciken gazawa na musamman
Duba zaɓuɓɓukan da aka tsara bisa ga fa'idodinsu	Nazarin farashi da amfanin ko kuma itacen yanke shawara	Hats suna tsara hanyoyin tunani, ba kimantawa ba
Hanyoyin son zuciya sune damuwa ta musamman	Ka'idar fatan + jagororin son zuciya	Hats suna rage wasu son zuciya ta hanyar tsari amma ba sa gano su
Yanke shawara wanda zai yanke, ba yadda za a yi tunani ba	RAPID vs DACI vs RACI	Tambaya daban gaba ɗaya — iko, ba fahimta ba

Tambayoyi da aka fi yi

Menene Hattun Tunani Shida?

Tsarin tunani na Edward de Bono, wanda aka buga a cikin littafinsa na 1985. Kowanne hula na misali yana ba da izinin yanayin tunani guda ɗaya ga dukkan ƙungiyar a lokaci guda: Fari don gaskiya da gibin bayani, Ja don ji da hango, Baki don kulawa da haɗari, Ruwan zinariya don fa'idodi da ƙima, Kore don kirkira da zaɓuɓɓuka, Shuɗi don sarrafa tsari da haɗawa. Hanyar ita ce jituwa — kowa yana sanya hula ɗaya a lokaci guda kuma yana canza tare — wanda ke raba ƙirƙirar ra'ayi daga bita da bita daga kai.

Wane tsari ne ya kamata a sanya hular?

Akwai wani zaɓi mai amfani — Blue don tsara, White don gaskiya, Green don ƙirƙira, Yellow sannan Black akan zaɓuɓɓukan jagora, Red don tantancewa, Blue don haɗawa — amma tsarin ya kamata ya dace da yanayin. Dokoki guda biyu da ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin na dindindin: a kammala kowanne zama da Blue (tsara a farkon, haɗawa a ƙarshe), kuma a gudanar da Yellow kafin Black lokacin da ra'ayoyi suke ƙanana ko ƙungiyar ta yi ƙin jituwa, don haka zaɓuɓɓukan da ke da rauni su sami hujja kafin farawa binciken gazawa. Yanke shawara cikin sauri na iya takaita zuwa White–Yellow–Black–Blue cikin mintuna goma.

Menene kurakurai na gama gari lokacin gudanar da Six Thinking Hats?

Hudu suna maimaituwa. Mulkin Black Hat: ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci suna wuce haɗarin hula — mayar da martani tare da tsauraran lokutan lokaci da tsarin Yellow-before-Black. Tsallake littafin Blue: ba tare da tsarawa da haɗawa ba, kuna samun hanyoyi guda shida na fitarwa da babu hukunci. Tsauraran al'ada: gudanar da cikakken taron kan ƙananan hukunci har sai ƙungiyar ta ji haushi da hanyar. Kuma rashin tunawa da zaman: mafi laushi — kyakkyawan tunani mai jituwa wanda ke ɓacewa tare da taron saboda hotunan flipchart ba su zama rajista ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa haɗa hulunan tare da tsari mai jurewa yana haifar da mafi kyawun sakamako.

Yaya Hattun Shida ke daidaita da itacen muhawara?

Kowane hula yana samar da nau'in ikirari. Tambayar da Blue ya tsara tana zama ikirarin asali, kuma haɗin gwiwarsa yana zama hukuncin da aka rubuta. Gaskiyar White Hat da guraben da aka ambata suna haɗuwa a matsayin shaidar; gudummawar Yellow suna zama hujjojin goyon baya, yayin da gudummawar Black suna kai hari kan hujjoji — an rubuta su daidai yadda zaman ya rubuta su. Zabin Green suna shigowa a matsayin zaɓuɓɓuka na 'yan uwa ko shawarwari na sulhu tare da fa'idodi da rashin fa'idodi nasu, kuma gwaje-gwajen Red suna shigowa da sunan da aka bayyana a matsayin hange, tare da watsa kimantawa da ke ɗaukar inda dakin yake. Sakamakon shine tsarin zaman yana tsira daga zaman.

Shin za a iya gudanar da Six Thinking Hats tare da AI?

Eh — kuma samfurinmu na 'yan'uwa ArgumenTroupe an gina shi don wannan dalili: mutum-mutumin AI masu banbanci suna taka rawar da suka dace da juna, suna tattaunawa da juna, suna samar da itacen hujja mai tsari tare da sake kunnawa na sauti, wanda ya dace da shirin kai tsaye da taron kwaikwayo. A kan Argumentree da kansa, rawar tana zama tsarin taron dan Adam wanda sakamakon sa ke sauka a kan itacen hujja — tare da AI tana taimakawa a gefen, misali fitar da ikirarin zaman daga rubutaccen takarda. Abin da kake so ya dogara da ko tunanin ya kamata ya fito daga tawagarka ko kuma ya zama kwaikwayo na wucin gadi don ita.

Tsarukan da suka shafi

Ka'idar Piramid Minto

Fadi amsar farko, sannan dalilin. Hanyar tsara hujja don mai karatu ya iya kaiwa ga tunaninka a shafi na farko maimakon jiran shi.

Gudanar da zaman hula wanda ya wuce taron.

Fari don shaidar, Rawaya da Baki don fa'idodi da rashin fa'idodi, Kore don zaɓuɓɓuka, Shuɗi don haɗin gwiwa mai rikodi — tunani mai jituwa, an adana shi a matsayin shari'a.

Fara Kyauta — Babu Katin Bashi

Ko fara daga tsarin taron Hattin Shida

Hats Shida na Tunani: Tunani na Gaba ɗaya a matsayin Tsarin Taro

Hats Shida na Tunani