Tsarin Bayani

Tsarin Yanke Shawara

Daga matsala zuwa zaɓi da za ku iya tsayayya — cikin 7 matakai. Plus sunan matakai (DECIDE, OODA, RAPID) lokacin da tsarin al'ada bai isa ba.

An sabunta ta karshe: 2026-07-02

TL;DR

Tsarin yanke shawara ya canza matsalar da ba a san ta ba zuwa zaɓi da za ku iya tsayayya ta hanyar matakai mara ƙare. Sigar al'ada tana da 7 matakai; matakai na musamman kamar DECIDE, OODA loop, da RAPID suna da sauti don kiwon lafiya, gasa mai sauri, da ba a san alhakin ba. Matakai na ƙarshe da kowa ke ciwa — bita sakamako — shine matakai da ke sa ku zama mafi kyau a lokacin da ya zo.

7-Matakin Tsarin Yanke Shawara

1
Gano shawarar
Baiwa sunan zaɓin da kuke fuskanta — aƙalla iriƙo da kowa ya amince da abin da ake shawarar.
2
Tattara bayanai
Tattara bayanan da suka shafi zaɓin.
3
Gano madadin
Jereti zaɓuka masu yuwuwa, kuɗai da kada komai.
4
Kafa shaidar
Bada shawarar faɗakarwa da kuma kafa su akan daraja.
5
Zaɓi daga madadin
Zaɓi zaɓin da shaidar ta fi so.
6
Aikatawa
Aiwatar da zaɓin.
7
Dubawa shawara
Dubawa sakamako da buƙatar daga matakai na farko — kuma koya daga ɓata.

Matakai 7, Sun yi aiki: Gina ko Siya

Matakai na kinzo suna sauki amsa. To, muna yi wa matakai iri daya a kan shawarar da yawa daga cikin suke fuskanta — in gina sifa a gida ko siya daga waje?

1. Gane shawarar

"Wannan mu gina dashboard din namu na binciken bayanai, ko mu siya?" — ba "yadda mu ke binciken bayanai," wanda shine tambaya daban da girma.

2. Tattara bayanai

Kimanin injiniya don gina, farashin mai siyarwa, karin aikin tawagamu, da yadda binciken bayanai ke da mahimmanci ga samfurin.

3. Gane madadin

Gina, siya, siya-sannan-sanya saukar ungulu — ko zaɓi da kowa ya manta: ba yanzu.

4. Kafa shaidar

Gina = ikon gudanarwa da saukar ungulu, amma watanni na aikin injiniya. Siya = sauri da araha yau, amma dogaro da saukar ungulu da lissafin da aka riga. Bada shawarar fa'ida da fa'ida na kowanne.

5. Zaɓa

Siya — saboda binciken bayanai ba shi ne abin da ke sanya mu daban da sauran kamfanoni kuma sauri ya fi mahimmanci a wannan kwata. Idan aka bada shaidar, ita ke nuna hanya daya.

6. Ƙaddamar da aiki

Sanya hannu kan mai siyarwa, shirya haɗin gwiwa, suna mai shira.

7. Duba

Bayan watanni shida: shin ya kawo aikin da aka tabbata? Idan saukar ungulu ya zama matsala, haka lissafi ne da ke saukar kiran gina-ko-siya.

Ku lura da matakai biyu da yawa ke ɓoye: suna sahihan shawarar a mataki na 1, da amincewa da shi a mataki na 7. Komai a tsakanin su shine saukin aikin.

Sunan Tsarin Matakai

Matakai 7 shine al'ada. Waɗannan matakai suna da sauti don yanke shawara na musamman:

DECIDE — Kristina Guo, 2008

Daina matsalar · Etabiri ka'idoji · Consider madadin · Identify mafi kyau · Develop & aiwatar da yojana · Evaluate da kula. A memorable six-step model asali written for ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.

The OODA Loop — Col. John Boyd

Observe · Orient · Decide · Act — gudanar da matakai na ci gaba. An haife shi a cikin dogfighting na jet, yanzu ake amfani da shi a harkokin kasuwanci, tsaron yanar gizo, da shari'a. Orient shine matakai muhimmi, kuma gudanar da matakai na ci gaba fiye da na kishi ya zama manufa gaba daya.

RAPID — Bain & Company

Recommend · Agree · Perform · Input · Decide. Ba matakai ba ne — roles. RAPID na sulhuwa "wa ya shawarar?" matsalar ta hanyar sunan wanda ya shawarta, wanda ya amince, wanda ya aiwatar, wanda aka shawarta, da kuma mutum daya wanda ya shawarta.

Vroom-Yetton-Jago — situational model

A contingency model wanda yake nuni ga shugaba yadda ya hada ƙungiyar — daga shawarar kai tsaye (autocratic) zuwa shawarar tarayya tare (group) — bisa yadda shawarar take buƙatar daraja, amincewa, da bayanai.

Yadda Argumentree Ke Gudanar Da Tsarin

Matakai da yake karya a "kimanta shaidar" da "bita shawarar" — matakai da take buƙatar tsari da rikodi. Argumentree ya ƙaddamar da waɗannan matakai, a kan argument mapping:

"Kafa shaidar," an yi literal

Kowace zaɓin pro da cons suna cikin structured pro/con tree — matakai na 4 na rashin tsari ya zama ganewa da shared.

Rate, score, converge

Wanda ya shiga ya ƙididdige hujjoji; ƙididdigar sun taru cikin net support scores, haka "zaɓi daga madadin" ta bi shaidar.

Shawarar roles, an gina

Roles da sashen suna kula da wanda ya shiga, wanda ya shirya, da wanda ya shawarta — RAPID-style akawuntability ba tare da spreadsheet.

Yana rufewa shawarar loop

The audit trail ya kiyaye hujjar don haka matakai na 7 — dubawa shawara — ya faru.

Wani ɓangare na aikin yanke shawara; don haka kuma duba yanke shawara a bayan wa'adin aikin da shawarwarin yanke shawara don gudanar da aikin a matsayin ƙungiya, inda matakai na ƙarshe na cimma yarjejeniya shine ginin yarjejeniya.

Inda Tsarin Ya Karya

Sulhuwa matsalar da ba ta dace ba

Matakai na 1 na rashin tsari ya yi kasa duka abin da ke biye — ayyana shawarar ta gaskiya ta farko.

Rashin dubawa

Kowa bai gudanar da matakai na 7 ba, haka matsalolin da aka yi suna maimaita.

Analysis paralysis

Matakai na 'tattara bayanai' har abada har sai maimakon ya rufe.

Ba shugaba ba

Ba tare da RAPID-style roles ba, shawarar suna tsakana saboda kowa da kowa ba shi shawarta.

Tambayoyi Da Ake Yi

Me ya sa shawarar?

Shawarar ya sa shiri na matakai daga gano matsalar zuwa zaɓi, aikatawa, da dubawa shawarar. Mafi yawan sigar ya sa matakai 7: gano shawarar, tattara bayanai, gano madadin, kafa shaidar, zaɓi, aikatawa, da dubawa shawarar. Rashin gudanar da matakai na 7 — dubawa — ya sa mafi yawan kuskure.

Me su ne matakai 7 na shawarar?

(1) Gano shawarar da kuke buƙatar yi; (2) tattara bayanai da suka shafi; (3) gano madadin; (4) kafa shaidar — pro da cons na kowace zaɓin; (5) zaɓi daga madadin; (6) aikatawa; da (7) dubawa shawarar da kuke buƙatar ayyana a matakai na farko. Rashin gudanar da matakai na 7 — dubawa — ya sa mafi yawan kuskure.

Me ya sa DECIDE model?

DECIDE ya sa matakai 6 na model wanda Kristina Guo ya buga a 2008 don ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya: Ayyana matsalar, Etariri ka'idoji, Considar madadin, Identifying mafi kyau, Develop da aiwatar da yojana, da Evaluate da kula da sulhuwa. Acronym ya sa matakai ya sauki don koya.

Me ya sa OODA loop?

The OODA loop — Observe, Orient, Decide, Act — an haife shi da US Air Force strategist John Boyd don saurin, competitive, canji hali. Ya gudanar da matakai na ci gaba ba a straight line ba, kuma matakai muhimmi ya sa Orient: making sense of observations through your experience da mental models. Wanda ya gudanar da matakai na ci gaba fiye da na kishi ya zama manufa gaba daya.

Me ya sa RAPID shawarar model?

RAPID, daga Bain & Company, ba matakai ba ne — ya sa roles don haka akawuntability ya sauki: Recommend (drives the proposal), Agree (must sign off), Perform (executes), Input (consulted), da Decide (the single person who makes the final call). Ya sulhuwa "wa ya shawarar?" matsalar wanda ya tsakana shawarar na ƙungiyoyi.

Manazarta & Karatu Mai zurfi

Guo, K. L. (2008). DECIDE: A Decision-Making Model for More Effective Decision Making by Health Care Managers. The Health Care Manager, 27(2), 118-127.

Asalin asalin na model DECIDE.

View source →

Boyd, J. R. (1996). The Essence of Winning and Losing. Unpublished briefing slides.

Asalin OODA loop, daga jami'in pilato na yaqui da manazarta ya yaqui.

Rogers, P., & Blenko, M. (2006). Who Has the D? How Clear Decision Roles Enhance Organizational Performance. Harvard Business Review, 84(1), 52-61.

Kungiya mai suna RAPID na Bain & Company's decision-roles framework.