Kwatancen Tsarin

RAPID vs DACI vs RACI

Hanyoyi guda uku don sanya rawa na yanke shawara — wanda ke yin abin da, da wanda ke yanke shawara. Ga yadda RACI, DACI, da RAPID suka bambanta, da yadda za a zaɓi ɗaya.

RACI, DACI, da RAPID duk suna tsarin rawar yanke shawara: suna amsa "wa ya ke da alhakin, kuma wa ya yanke shawara?" ta hanyar ba kowane mahalarta wani rawar da aka yi masa lakabi. Ba su ne kayan aiki ko hanyoyin aiki don kaiwa ga yanke shawara ba — suna zama al'adu don bayyana alhaki don yanke shawara kada ta tsaya a kan "na yi tunanin kai ne ke kula da wannan." Uku suna bambanta a fannin: RACI yana zana alhakin a duk wani aiki, DACI yana bayyana yanke shawara daga wata kungiya, kuma RAPID yana rarraba hakkin yanke shawara lokacin da iko ya bazu a tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki da yawa.

RACI — raba aikin da alhakin

RACI shine mafi tsohuwa da fadi daga cikin uku. Don kowace aiki a cikin wani shiri yana ba da nauyi hudu:

R — Mai Alhakin: mutumin da ke yin aikin.
A — Mai Alhakin: mutum guda wanda ke da alhakin sakamakon kuma yana sanya hannu (mutum guda kawai a kowace aiki).
C — An Tuntuɓe: mutane waɗanda ake neman ra'ayinsu kafin a kammala aikin (hanya biyu).
I — An sanar: mutane suna sabunta kan ci gaba ko kammala (hanya ɗaya).

Misali mai aiki — ƙaddamar da sabon shafin farashi. Mai haɓaka yanar gizo ne Mai Alhakin gina shi, Shugaban Samfura ne Mai Amsa ga sakamakon, Kudi da Shari'a suna Tattaunawa kan lambobi da sharuɗɗa, kuma babban ƙungiyar tallace-tallace tana Sanin bayan an fitar da shi. RACI a nan yana bayyana dukkan aikin, ba kawai shawara ɗaya ba.

DACI — tsarin yanke shawara na rukuni mai maida hankali

DACI, wanda Atlassian ta shahara da shi, an gina shi musamman don yanke hukunci guda cikin tsabta. Yana ba da nauyi hudu:

D — Direba: mutum ɗaya wanda ke motsa shawarar gaba — yana tattara ra'ayoyi, yana saita lokacin, yana tuki zuwa kammala.
A — Mai amincewa: mutum guda wanda ke yanke hukunci na ƙarshe.
C — Masu bayar da gudummawa: wadanda ke bayar da kwarewa da ra'ayoyi don sanar da shawarar.
I — An sanar: wadanda aka shaida game da shawarar da aka yanke bayan an yanke ta.

Misali mai aiki — zaɓin mai bayar da bayanai. Manajan samfur shine Mai tuki wanda ke gudanar da kimantawa, VP na Injiniya shine Mai amincewa wanda ke zaɓar wanda ya ci nasara, injiniyoyi da masu nazarin bayanai suna Masu bayar da gudummawa waɗanda ke ba da maki ga zaɓuɓɓuka, kuma sauran kamfanin yana Sanin zaɓin. Mai tuki guda ɗaya, mai amincewa guda ɗaya — babu rudani game da wanda ke yanke shawara.

RAPID — hakkin yanke shawara don yanke shawara masu wahala

RAPID, wanda Bain & Company ta kirkiro, an tsara shi don manyan, yanke shawara masu fadi inda ikon yana rarraba a tsakanin kungiyoyi da dama. Haruffan sa guda biyar suna nufin hakkin yanke shawara rights, kuma — wani abu da ake rikicewa akai — ba a nufin a aiwatar da su a wannan tsari (sunan yana zama taimako na tunawa, ba jerin abubuwa ba):

R — Shawarar: bayar da shawara, tattara ra'ayoyi, da gabatar da shawara.
A — Yarda: ɓangarorin da dole ne su yarda da shawarar a hukumance (veto mai tasiri — yawanci doka, bin doka, ko wata ƙungiya wacce sa hannun ta ake buƙata).
P — Aiwatar: wadanda ke aiwatar da shawarar da aka yanke.
I — Input: wadanda aka tuntuba don gaskiya da hangen nesa kafin a kammala shawarwarin (shawara, ba ta zama tilas ba).
D — Yanke Shawara: wancan shine mutum guda da ke da alhakin karshe wanda ke yanke hukunci kuma ya kuduri aniyar kungiyar.

Misali mai aiki — shiga sabon kasuwar yanki. GM na yanki Ya ba da shawara kan fadada, Doka da Kudi dole ne su Yarda kafin a ci gaba, Tallace-tallace da Ayyuka za su Yi aiwatarwa, Talla da Taimako suna bayar da Shawarwari, kuma COO yana da hakkin Yanke shawara. RAPID yana bayyana wuraren veto da mai yanke shawara guda, wanda shine abin da yawanci ke zama mai rudani a cikin kiran hadin gwiwa.

Kafa da kafa

	RACI	DACI	RAPID
Ayyuka	Mai alhakin, Mai ɗaukar nauyi, An tuntuba, An sanar	Mai tuki, Mai amincewa, Masu bayar da gudummawa, Masu sanarwa	Shawarar, Yarda, Aiwatar, Shigar, Yanke shawara
Babban manufar	Raba nauyin aikin a cikin aiki	Fassara hukuncin rukuni guda ɗaya	Raba hakkin yanke shawara kan manyan shawara
Mafi kyau don	Ayyuka, hanyoyi, canja wurin	Hukuncin ƙungiya na maimaitawa	Kiran haɗin gwiwa, masu haɗari sosai
Girman ƙungiya	Duk (ma'auni zuwa manyan ayyuka)	Ƙananan zuwa matsakaitan ƙungiyoyi	Manyan kungiyoyi / masu ruwa da tsaki da yawa
Nau'in hukunci	Taswirar aiki / alhakin	Mai maida hankali, yanke shawara na yau da kullum	Ikon da ba a fayyace ba, wanda ake takara akai
Asali	Gudanar da aikin da tsarin gudanarwa	An shahara ta hanyar Atlassian	Bain & Company

Wanne ya dace da ƙungiyarku?

Idan kana bukatar bayyana wanda ke yi wa menene a cikin wani aikin ko tsari — ciki har da canja wurin aiki da amincewa — yi amfani da RACI.

Idan kuna yanke shawara mai maimaitawa da mai da hankali a cikin ƙungiya ƙarami zuwa matsakaici kuma kuna son mai jagoranci guda ɗaya da mai amincewa guda ɗaya, kuyi amfani da DACI.

Idan shawarar ku ta kasance mai rikitarwa, tana haɗa fannoni da yawa, kuma tana ci gaba da jinkiri saboda rashin bayyana ko kuma ana kalubalantar ikon, yi amfani da RAPID.

Idan shawarar ta tsaya akai-akai kan 'wa ya na da iko na dakatarwa?', rawar da RAPID ke takawa na Amincewa shine abin da za a tunkude don cimma nasara.

Idan kana farawa ne, DACI shine mafi sauƙi don ɗauka — zaka iya gudanar da shi a cikin taken takardar bayani guda ɗaya.

Wannan tsarin yana bayyana wanda ke yanke hukunci. Ba su bayyana dalilin ba.

RACI, DACI, da RAPID duk suna amsa tambaya guda ɗaya — wanene ke riƙe da kowanne rawa a cikin shawara. Abin da babu ɗayansu ya kama shine me yasa aka yanke shawarar ainihi: hujjojin da aka gabatar don da kuma a kan, shaidar da aka yi la’akari da ita, ƙin amincewa da aka yi watsi da ita da kuma bisa ga wane tushe. Watanni shida bayan haka, jadawalin rawa yana gaya maka cewa COO ya yanke shawara; ba ya gaya maka me yasa COO ya zaɓi Zaɓi B a kan Zaɓi A, don haka dole ne a sake gina dalilin daga ƙwaƙwalwa ko kuma a rasa.

Argumentree yana ɗaukar dalilin da ya sa aka yanke shawara a matsayin taswirar hujja mai tsari — kowanne ikirari yana da alaƙa da shaidar da hujjojin da suka sabawa da shi, wanda ƙungiyar ta ba da maki. Haɗa shi da kowanne daga cikin waɗannan tsarin kuma za ka sami rabin biyu: tsarin yana cewa wanene ya yanke shawara, kuma taswirar hujja tana rubuta me yasa.

Gani menene hanyar binciken yanke shawara da kuma samfurin rajistar hukunci.

Tambayoyi da ake yawan yi

Menene bambanci tsakanin RACI da DACI?

RACI yana ba da nauyi ga ayyukan da ke cikin wani aiki — wanda ke da Alhakin (yana yi), wanda ke da Hakkin (yana da sakamakon), wanda aka Tattauna (yana bayar da ra'ayi), da wanda aka Sanar (ana ci gaba da sanar da shi). DACI yana da takamaiman ma'ana da ke danganta da yanke shawara: yana ambaton wani Driver wanda ke motsa shawarar gaba, wani Approver wanda ke yanke hukunci na ƙarshe, masu Taimako waɗanda ke bayar da ƙwarewa, da wanda aka Sanar game da sakamakon. A taƙaice, RACI yana bayyana wanda ke yin aikin a cikin wani shiri, yayin da DACI ke bayyana wanda ke yanke shawara kan tambaya guda.

Yaushe ya kamata in yi amfani da RAPID?

RAPID (daga Bain & Company) yana dacewa da yanke shawara masu rikitarwa, masu babban hadari, ko yanke shawara tsakanin sassa inda ikon yanke shawara ya rarrabu sosai tsakanin kungiyoyi da ba a san wanda zai yanke shawara ba. Yana raba hakkin yanke shawara guda biyar — Shawarci, Yarda, Aiwatar, Shiga, da Yanke Shawara — don a iya tantance yanke shawara da ta tsaya (yawanci rashin ko takaddama akan rawar 'Yanke Shawara', ko wani bangare na 'Yarda' da ke da iko na dakatarwa). Don ƙungiya ƙanana da ke yanke shawara ta yau da kullum, RAPID yawanci yana da nauyi fiye da yadda kuke buƙata; DACI ko mai mallakar sauki yana da sauri.

Shin ina bukatar software don gudanar da DACI?

A'a. DACI wata yar tsari ce mai sauƙi da za a iya gudanarwa a cikin takardu, takardun lissafi, ko kuma a cikin taken takardar yanke shawara — mai tuki guda ɗaya, mai amincewa guda ɗaya, jerin masu bayar da gudummawa, da wanda aka sanar. Software yana taimakawa lokacin da kake son samun rajistar da za a iya bincika ta na yawan yanke shawara a tsawon lokaci da kuma hanyar tunani a bayan kowanne, amma tsarin kansa hanya ce kawai ta sanya suna ga rawar da ba ta buƙatar kayan aiki.

Ta yaya zan rubuta hukuncin RAPID?

Rubuta bayanin hukuncin, sannan lissafa mutanen ko ƙungiyoyin da ke riƙe kowanne RAWAN (Shawara, Yarda, Aiwatar, Shiga, Yanke hukunci), shawarar da aka gabatar, da hukuncin ƙarshe tare da ranar sa. Abin da tsarin ba ya kama shine dalilin da ya sa mai yanke hukunci ya zaɓi haka — hujjojin da suka goyi bayan da kuma waɗanda suka ƙi, da yadda aka kimanta shigar. Kama wannan tunani tare da rawar yana canza jadawalin rawar zuwa rajistar hukunci mai ɗorewa. Duba yadda rajistar hukunci da hanyar bincike ke adana tunanin.

Rubuta wanda ya yanke shawara — da dalilin da ya sa

Haɗa tsarin rawar yanke shawara tare da taswirar tunani. Kama hujjojin da ke bayan kowace shawara tare da Argumentree.

Fara Gwajin Kyauta